Screenshots
Description
Remove Office 2019 New Context Menu Items. 1 Click/tap on the Download button below for what you want to add to the New context menu. 2 Save the.reg file to your desktop. 3 Double click/tap on the downloaded.reg file to merge it. 4 When prompted, click/tap on Run, Yes ( UAC ), Yes, and OK to approve the merge. 1)From the main menu, choose File Templates Organize. The Template Management window opens. (For a picture of the Template Management window, see Illustration 3 on page 4.) 2)In the box on the left, click any folder. 3)Click the Commands button. The context menu appears. 4)From the context menu, choose New. A new folder called Untitled appears. Command tab plus 1 93 inches.
New File Menu allows you to create new files quickly via the Finder context menu.
New File Menu is simply the coolest way to create a new file on the Mac OS X platform, you can right click in any Finder window to create a new file! You can even right click on the desktop to create your files!
Important: New File Menu is implemented as a Finder extension, you need to enable 'New File Menu Extension' in 'System Preferences » Extensions' to make the context menu appear.
* Features
• Right click in any Finder window to create a new file
• Create new files via drag and drop
• Over 30 built-in file templates (please enable the templates you need in the New File Menu Preferences)
• Custom templates are supported, New File Menu is able to create virtually any kind of document
• Various options to configure the app behavior
* Built-in File Types
• Plain text document
• Rich text document
• MS Office documents (Word, Excel, PowerPoint)
• iWork documents (Pages, Numbers, Keynote)
• OpenOffice / LibreOffice documents (Text, Spreadsheet, Presentation, Drawing)
• Scripts (Shell, Python, Perl, Ruby, etc.)
• Many other kinds of documents
* FAQ
Q: I can't find the context menu to create a new file?
A: Please make sure that you've enabled 'New File Menu Extension' in 'System Preferences » Extensions', and make sure that you've added the specific location to New File Menu preferences.
If the problem persists, please disable 'New File Menu Extension' in 'System Preferences » Extensions' and then enable it again. The last resort is to relaunch Finder or restart your computer.
Q: There is no file templates available, what can I do?
A: Please remove the '~/Library/Group Containers/85P8ZUTQL8.net.langui.NewFileMenu/Templates' folder and relaunch New File Menu, then the folder should be recreated. (Do remember to backup any important data in the folder before removing it.)
Q: Is it possible to add the context menu to mounted volumes?
A: Yes. You need to add the volumes to New File Menu preferences first.
Q: How to hide New File Menu from the Dock?
A: Please simply quit New File Menu, the context menu extension will continue to work.
Q: Is it possible to make the save panel appear faster?
A: Please enable the 'Keep the helper app running in the background' option in the New File Menu preferences, so that the app launching process is skipped.
Should you have any further questions, please visit https://langui.net/new-file-menu/ and leave a message.
What's New
Ratings and Reviews
Awkward for External Disks
Close all instances of excel that are currently open, except for one. Go to file (or the arrow drop menu) and choose new file. Close the first instance of excel that was originally open using the X in the top corner. Resize the existing window by dragging the top and sides until it is as per your need. 4.3.1 Count the words as you type 39 4.3.2 Count the words in a selection or selections 39 4.3.3 Include text in footnotes, endnotes and text in boxes in the word count 41 4.4 Insert a page break 42 4.4.1 Insert a manual page break 42 4.4.2 Prevent page breaks in the middle of a paragraph 43 4.4.3 Prevent page breaks between paragraphs 45 4.4.4. Word 2010 is a word processor that allows you to create various types of documents such as letters, papers, flyers, and faxes. In this lesson, you will be introduced to the Ribbon and the new Backstage view, and you'll learn how to create new documents and open existing ones. Getting to know Word 2010. Word 2010 is a bit different from earlier versions, so even if you've used Word before you.
Delete New Item
Update: You can add external disks through the preferences, so ignore comments on that below.
Also updated rating to 4 stars.
Sigh, was hoping to match Windows.
It seems to only directly work directly on the system disk and desktop.
To create a file on an external disk it's a multi-step process.
1. First Method
a. Right click on Desktop
b. Select 'New File' and file type required
c. Use the pop-up file naming dialog box to select an external disk and folder.
(Note: this pop-up dialog box is a Model box that comes to the front of all windows. It cannot be moved. You must 'Cancel' or 'Save' to uncover other windows. It should be 'Modeless')
2. Second Method (more awkward)
a. Right click on Desktop
b. Select 'New File' and file type required
c. Use the pop-up file naming dialog box, Name the file and 'Save' to default Desktop.
d. Select the new file on the Desktop and 'Move' (drag and hold down Command key) to a Finder window on the external disk.
So, if working on the System disk its good. Need to fix the Mode of the Save dialog box though.
Developer Response,
Hi, you can add external volumes to 'New File Menu Preferences -> Finder' in order to enable New File Menu for them. Thank you!
Fantastic App!
As others have said, this is the sort of thing Apple should have built into the OS. It's fantastic. I'd recommend it enthusiastically. It's great being able to add a text file to a folder with just a click. I find myself doing this a lot with projects I'm working on. Right-click: New Text File & I jot down info to file away. So fast. So easy. I wish I'd found this app a long time ago.
To the developer: It would be great if closing the app's window closed the app, since the app doesn't need to be running once it's set up. Also, it'd be great if the app's website gave examples of how to make the most out of some of the app's other features (found in the settings).
Increases Productivity
Only reason im giving 4 stars is because there is no apparent way to hide the app from the dock. Most Third party apps have this capability. Please consider adding this as an option in the settings.
I know in the FAQ section it says you can quit the app and it will continue to run but there should really be an option in the settings for the app so that the user does not have to do that.
Developer Response,
Hi, please press Command-Q to quit New File Menu, the main app is mainly for configuration, you don't need to open it or keep it running in order to use the Finder extension. Thank you!
App Privacy
The developer, Langui.net, indicated that the app's privacy practices may include handling of data as described below. For more information, see the developer's privacy policy.
Data Not Collected
The developer does not collect any data from this app.
Privacy practices may vary, for example, based on the features you use or your age. Learn More
Information
- Mac
- Requires macOS 10.10 or later.
Supports
Family Sharing
With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.
A menu is a list of items that specify options or groups of options (a submenu) for an application. Clicking a menu item opens a submenu or causes the application to carry out a command. This section provides information on the following topics:
Where Is File Menu
- Menu Bars and Menus
- Keyboard Access to Menus
- Menu Creation
- Menu Items
Menu Bars and Menus
A menu is arranged in a hierarchy. At the top level of the hierarchy is the menu bar; which contains a list of menus, which in turn can contain submenus. A menu bar is sometimes called a top-level menu, and the menus and submenus are also known as pop-up menus.
A menu item can either carry out a command or open a submenu. An item that carries out a command is called a command item or a command.
An item on the menu bar almost always opens a menu. Menu bars rarely contain command items. A menu opened from the menu bar drops down from the menu bar and is sometimes called a drop-down menu. When a drop-down menu is displayed, it is attached to the menu bar. A menu item on the menu bar that opens a drop-down menu is also called a menu name.
The menu names on a menu bar represent the main categories of commands that an application provides. Selecting a menu name from the menu bar typically opens a menu whose menu items correspond to the commands in a category. For example, a menu bar might contain a File menu name that, when clicked by the user, activates a menu with menu items such as New, Open, and Save. To get information about a menu bar, call GetMenuBarInfo.
Only an overlapped or pop-up window can contain a menu bar; a child window cannot contain one. If the window has a title bar, the system positions the menu bar just below it. A menu bar is always visible. A submenu is not visible, however, until the user selects a menu item that activates it. For more information about overlapped and pop-up windows, see Window Types.
Each menu must have an owner window. The system sends messages to a menu's owner window when the user selects the menu or chooses an item from the menu.
This section discusses the following topics.
Shortcut Menus
The system also provides shortcut menus. A shortcut menu is not attached to the menu bar; it can appear anywhere on the screen. An application typically associates a shortcut menu with a portion of a window, such as the client area, or with a specific object, such as an icon. For this reason, these menus are also called context menus.
A shortcut menu remains hidden until the user activates it, typically by right-clicking a selection, a toolbar, or a taskbar button. The menu is usually displayed at the position of the caret or mouse cursor.
The Window Menu
Windows Right Click New Menu
The Window menu (also known as the System menu or Control menu) is a pop-up menu defined and managed almost exclusively by the operating system. The user can open the window menu by clicking the application icon on the title bar or by right-clicking anywhere on the title bar.
The Window menu provides a standard set of menu items that the user can choose to change a window's size or position, or close the application. Items on the window menu can be added, deleted, and modified, but most applications just use the standard set of menu items. An overlapped, pop-up, or child window can have a window menu. It is uncommon for an overlapped or pop-up window not to include a window menu.
When the user chooses a command from the Window menu, the system sends a WM_SYSCOMMAND message to the menu's owner window. In most applications, the window procedure does not process messages from the window menu. Instead, it simply passes the messages to the DefWindowProc function for system-default processing of the message. If an application adds a command to the window menu, the window procedure must process the command.
An application can use the GetSystemMenu function to create a copy of the default window menu to modify. Any window that does not use the GetSystemMenu function to make its own copy of the window menu receives the standard window menu.
Help Identifier
Associated with each menu bar, menu, submenu, and shortcut menu is a help identifier. If the user presses the F1 key while the menu is active, this value is sent to the owner window as part of a WM_HELP message.
Keyboard Access to Menus
The system provides a standard keyboard interface for menus. You can enhance this interface by providing mnemonic access keys and shortcut (accelerator) keys for your menu items.
The following topics describe the standard keyboard interface, access keys, and shortcut keys:
Standard Keyboard Interface
The system is designed to work with or without a mouse or other pointing device. Because the system provides a standard keyboard interface, the user can use the keyboard to select menu items. This keyboard interface does not need special code. An application receives a command message whether the user selects a menu item through the keyboard or by using a mouse. The standard keyboard interface processes the following keystrokes.
| Keystroke | Action |
|---|---|
| Alphabetical character | Selects the first menu item with the specified character as its access key. If the selected item invokes a menu, the menu is displayed and the first item is highlighted. Otherwise, the menu item is chosen. |
| ALT | Toggles in and out of menu bar mode. |
| ALT+SPACEBAR | Displays the window menu. |
| ENTER | Activates a menu and selects the first menu item if an item has a menu associated with it. Otherwise, this keystroke chooses the item as if the user released the mouse button while the item was selected. |
| ESC | Exits menu mode. |
| LEFT ARROW | Cycles to the previous top-level menu item. Top-level menu items include menu names and the window menu. If the selected item is in a menu, the previous column in the menu is selected or the previous top-level menu item is selected. |
| RIGHT ARROW | Works like the LEFT ARROW key, except in the opposite direction. In menus, this keystroke moves forward one column; when the currently selected item is in the far-right column, the next menu is selected. |
| UP or DOWN ARROWS | Activates a menu when pressed in a menu name. When pressed in a menu, the UP ARROW keystroke selects the previous item; the DOWN ARROW keystroke selects the next item. |
Menu Access Keys
The standard keyboard interface for menus can be enhanced by adding access keys (mnemonics) to menu items. An access key is an underlined letter in the text of a menu item. When a menu is active, the user can select a menu item by pressing the key that corresponds to the item's underlined letter. The user makes the menu bar active by pressing the ALT key to highlight the first item on the menu bar. A menu is active when it is displayed.
To create an access key for a menu item, precede any character in the item's text string with an ampersand. For example, the text string '&Move' causes the system to underline the letter 'M'.
Menu Shortcut Keys
In addition to having an access key, a menu item can have a shortcut key associated with it. A shortcut key is different from an access key, because the menu does not have to be active for the shortcut key to work. Also, an access key is always associated with a menu item, while an shortcut key is usually (but does not have to be) associated with a menu item.
Text that identifies the shortcut key is added to the menu-item text string. The shortcut text appears to the right of the menu item name, after a backslash and tab character (t). For example, '&ClosetAlt+F4' represents a Close command with the ALT+F4 key combination as its shortcut key and with the letter 'C' as its access key. For more information, see Keyboard Accelerators.
Menu Creation
You can create a menu using either a menu template or menu creation functions. Menu templates are typically defined as resources. Menu-template resources can be loaded explicitly or assigned as the default menu for a window class. You can also create menu-template resources dynamically in memory.
The following topics describe menu creation in detail:
Menu Template Resources
Most applications create menus using menu-template resources. A menu template defines a menu, including the items in the menu bar and all menus. For information about creating a menu-template resource, see the documentation included with your development tools.
After you create a menu-template resource and add it to your application's executable (.exe) file, you can use the LoadMenu function to load the resource into memory. This function returns a handle to the menu, which you can then assign to a window by using the SetMenu function. You can assign a menu to any window that is not a child window.
Implementing menus as resources makes an application easier to localize for use in multiple countries/regions. Only the resource-definition file needs to be localized for each language, not the application's source code.
Menu Template in Memory
A menu can be created from a menu template that is built in memory at run time. For example, an application that allows a user to customize its menu might create a menu template in memory based on the user's preferences. The application could then save the template in a file or in the registry for future use. To create a menu from a template in memory, use the LoadMenuIndirect function. For descriptions of menu-template formats, see Menu Template Resources.
A standard menu template consists of a MENUITEMTEMPLATEHEADER structure followed by one or more MENUITEMTEMPLATE structures.
An extended menu template consists of a MENUEX_TEMPLATE_HEADER structure followed by one or more MENUEX_TEMPLATE_ITEM structures.
Menu Handles
The system generates a unique handle to each menu. A menu handle is a value of the HMENU type. An application must specify a menu handle in many of the menu functions. You receive a handle to a menu bar when you create the menu or load a menu resource.
To retrieve a handle to the menu bar for a menu that has been created or loaded, use the GetMenu function. To retrieve a handle to the submenu associated with a menu item, use the GetSubMenu or GetMenuItemInfo function. To retrieve a handle to a window menu, use the GetSystemMenu function.
Menu Creation Functions
Using menu creation functions, you can create menus at run time or add menu items to existing menus. You can use the CreateMenu function to create an empty menu bar and the CreatePopupMenu function to create an empty menu. You can save certain settings information for a menu by using the MENUINFO structure. To get or retrieve the settings of a menu, use GetMenuInfo or SetMenuInfo. To add items to a menu, use the InsertMenuItem function. The older AppendMenu and InsertMenu functions are still supported, but InsertMenuItem should be used for new applications.
Menu Display
After a menu has been loaded or created, it must be assigned to a window before the system can display it. You can assign a menu by defining a class menu. For more information, see Window Class Menus. You can also assign a menu to a window by specifying a handle to the menu as the hMenu parameter of the CreateWindow or CreateWindowEx function, or by calling the SetMenu function.
To display a shortcut menu use the TrackPopupMenuEx function. Shortcut menus, also called floating pop-up menus or context menus, are typically displayed when the WM_CONTEXTMENU message is processed.
You can assign a menu to any window that is not a child window.
The older TrackPopupMenu function is still supported, but new applications should use the TrackPopupMenuEx Yosemiterevert 1 5. function.
Window Class Menus
You can specify a default menu, called a class menu, when you register a window class. To do so, you assign the name of the menu-template resource to the lpszMenuName member of the WNDCLASS structure used to register the class.
By default, every window is assigned the class menu for its window class so you do not need to explicitly load the menu and assign it to each window. You can override the class menu by specifying a different menu handle in a call to the CreateWindowEx function. You can also change a window's menu after it is created by using the SetMenu function. For more information, see Window Classes.
Menu Items
The following topics discuss what the system does when the user chooses a menu item, and the ways an application can control an item's appearance and functionality:
Command Items and Items that Open Submenus
When the user chooses a command item, the system sends a command message to the window that owns the menu. If the command item is on the window menu, the system sends the WM_SYSCOMMAND message. Otherwise, it sends the WM_COMMAND message.
Associated with each menu item that opens a submenu is a handle to the corresponding submenu. When the user points to such an item, the system opens the submenu. No command message is sent to the owner window. However, the system sends a WM_INITMENUPOPUP message to the owner window before displaying the submenu. You can get a handle to the submenu associated with an item by using the GetSubMenu or GetMenuItemInfo function.
A menu bar typically contains menu names, but it can also contain command items. A submenu typically contains command items, but it can also contain items that open nested submenus. By adding such items to submenus, you can nest menus to any depth. To provide a visual cue for the user, the system automatically displays a small arrow to the right of the text of a menu item that opens a submenu.
Menu-Item Identifier
Associated with each menu item is a unique, application-defined integer, called a menu-item identifier. When the user chooses a command item from a menu, the system sends the item's identifier to the owner window as part of a WM_COMMAND message. The window procedure examines the identifier to determine the source of the message, and processes the message accordingly. In addition, you can specify a menu item using its identifier when you call menu functions; for example, to enable or disable a menu item.
Menu items that open submenus have identifiers just as command items do. However, the system does not send a command message when such an item is selected from a menu. Instead, the system opens the submenu associated with the menu item.
To retrieve the identifier of the menu item at a specified position, use the GetMenuItemID or GetMenuItemInfo function.
Menu-Item Position
In addition to having a unique identifier, each menu item in a menu bar or menu has a unique position value. The leftmost item in a menu bar, or the top item in a menu, has position zero. The position value is incremented for subsequent menu items. Vox 2 6 (2600 76) download free. The system assigns a position value to all items in a menu, including separators. The following illustration shows the position values of items in a menu bar and in a menu.
When calling a menu function that modifies or retrieves information about a specific menu item, you can specify the item using either its identifier or its position. For more information, see the next section.
Accessing Menu Items Programmatically
Most menu functions allow you to specify a menu item either by position or by command. Some functions use the MF_BYPOSITION and MF_BYCOMMAND flags to indicate the search algorithm; others have an explicit fByPosition parameter. If you specify the menu item by position, the item number is a zero-based index into the menu. If you specify the menu item by command, the menu and its submenus are searched for an item whose menu identifier equals the item number provided. If more than one item in the menu hierarchy matches the item number, it is unspecified which one is used. If your menus contain duplicate menu identifiers, you should use position-based menu operations to avoid this ambiguity.
Default Menu Items
A submenu can contain one default menu item. When the user opens a submenu by double-clicking, the system sends a command message to the menu's owner window and closes the menu as if the default command item had been chosen. If there is no default command item, the submenu remains open. To retrieve and set the default item for a submenu, use the GetMenuDefaultItem and SetMenuDefaultItem functions.
Selected and Clear Menu Items
A menu item can be either selected or clear. The system displays a bitmap next to selected menu items to indicate their selected state. The system does not display a bitmap next to clear items, unless an application-defined 'clear' bitmap is specified. Only menu items in a menu can be selected; items in a menu bar cannot be selected.
Help Identifier
Associated with each menu bar, menu, submenu, and shortcut menu is a help identifier. If the user presses the F1 key while the menu is active, this value is sent to the owner window as part of a WM_HELP message.
Keyboard Access to Menus
The system provides a standard keyboard interface for menus. You can enhance this interface by providing mnemonic access keys and shortcut (accelerator) keys for your menu items.
The following topics describe the standard keyboard interface, access keys, and shortcut keys:
Standard Keyboard Interface
The system is designed to work with or without a mouse or other pointing device. Because the system provides a standard keyboard interface, the user can use the keyboard to select menu items. This keyboard interface does not need special code. An application receives a command message whether the user selects a menu item through the keyboard or by using a mouse. The standard keyboard interface processes the following keystrokes.
| Keystroke | Action |
|---|---|
| Alphabetical character | Selects the first menu item with the specified character as its access key. If the selected item invokes a menu, the menu is displayed and the first item is highlighted. Otherwise, the menu item is chosen. |
| ALT | Toggles in and out of menu bar mode. |
| ALT+SPACEBAR | Displays the window menu. |
| ENTER | Activates a menu and selects the first menu item if an item has a menu associated with it. Otherwise, this keystroke chooses the item as if the user released the mouse button while the item was selected. |
| ESC | Exits menu mode. |
| LEFT ARROW | Cycles to the previous top-level menu item. Top-level menu items include menu names and the window menu. If the selected item is in a menu, the previous column in the menu is selected or the previous top-level menu item is selected. |
| RIGHT ARROW | Works like the LEFT ARROW key, except in the opposite direction. In menus, this keystroke moves forward one column; when the currently selected item is in the far-right column, the next menu is selected. |
| UP or DOWN ARROWS | Activates a menu when pressed in a menu name. When pressed in a menu, the UP ARROW keystroke selects the previous item; the DOWN ARROW keystroke selects the next item. |
Menu Access Keys
The standard keyboard interface for menus can be enhanced by adding access keys (mnemonics) to menu items. An access key is an underlined letter in the text of a menu item. When a menu is active, the user can select a menu item by pressing the key that corresponds to the item's underlined letter. The user makes the menu bar active by pressing the ALT key to highlight the first item on the menu bar. A menu is active when it is displayed.
To create an access key for a menu item, precede any character in the item's text string with an ampersand. For example, the text string '&Move' causes the system to underline the letter 'M'.
Menu Shortcut Keys
In addition to having an access key, a menu item can have a shortcut key associated with it. A shortcut key is different from an access key, because the menu does not have to be active for the shortcut key to work. Also, an access key is always associated with a menu item, while an shortcut key is usually (but does not have to be) associated with a menu item.
Text that identifies the shortcut key is added to the menu-item text string. The shortcut text appears to the right of the menu item name, after a backslash and tab character (t). For example, '&ClosetAlt+F4' represents a Close command with the ALT+F4 key combination as its shortcut key and with the letter 'C' as its access key. For more information, see Keyboard Accelerators.
Menu Creation
You can create a menu using either a menu template or menu creation functions. Menu templates are typically defined as resources. Menu-template resources can be loaded explicitly or assigned as the default menu for a window class. You can also create menu-template resources dynamically in memory.
The following topics describe menu creation in detail:
Menu Template Resources
Most applications create menus using menu-template resources. A menu template defines a menu, including the items in the menu bar and all menus. For information about creating a menu-template resource, see the documentation included with your development tools.
After you create a menu-template resource and add it to your application's executable (.exe) file, you can use the LoadMenu function to load the resource into memory. This function returns a handle to the menu, which you can then assign to a window by using the SetMenu function. You can assign a menu to any window that is not a child window.
Implementing menus as resources makes an application easier to localize for use in multiple countries/regions. Only the resource-definition file needs to be localized for each language, not the application's source code.
Menu Template in Memory
A menu can be created from a menu template that is built in memory at run time. For example, an application that allows a user to customize its menu might create a menu template in memory based on the user's preferences. The application could then save the template in a file or in the registry for future use. To create a menu from a template in memory, use the LoadMenuIndirect function. For descriptions of menu-template formats, see Menu Template Resources.
A standard menu template consists of a MENUITEMTEMPLATEHEADER structure followed by one or more MENUITEMTEMPLATE structures.
An extended menu template consists of a MENUEX_TEMPLATE_HEADER structure followed by one or more MENUEX_TEMPLATE_ITEM structures.
Menu Handles
The system generates a unique handle to each menu. A menu handle is a value of the HMENU type. An application must specify a menu handle in many of the menu functions. You receive a handle to a menu bar when you create the menu or load a menu resource.
To retrieve a handle to the menu bar for a menu that has been created or loaded, use the GetMenu function. To retrieve a handle to the submenu associated with a menu item, use the GetSubMenu or GetMenuItemInfo function. To retrieve a handle to a window menu, use the GetSystemMenu function.
Menu Creation Functions
Using menu creation functions, you can create menus at run time or add menu items to existing menus. You can use the CreateMenu function to create an empty menu bar and the CreatePopupMenu function to create an empty menu. You can save certain settings information for a menu by using the MENUINFO structure. To get or retrieve the settings of a menu, use GetMenuInfo or SetMenuInfo. To add items to a menu, use the InsertMenuItem function. The older AppendMenu and InsertMenu functions are still supported, but InsertMenuItem should be used for new applications.
Menu Display
After a menu has been loaded or created, it must be assigned to a window before the system can display it. You can assign a menu by defining a class menu. For more information, see Window Class Menus. You can also assign a menu to a window by specifying a handle to the menu as the hMenu parameter of the CreateWindow or CreateWindowEx function, or by calling the SetMenu function.
To display a shortcut menu use the TrackPopupMenuEx function. Shortcut menus, also called floating pop-up menus or context menus, are typically displayed when the WM_CONTEXTMENU message is processed.
You can assign a menu to any window that is not a child window.
The older TrackPopupMenu function is still supported, but new applications should use the TrackPopupMenuEx Yosemiterevert 1 5. function.
Window Class Menus
You can specify a default menu, called a class menu, when you register a window class. To do so, you assign the name of the menu-template resource to the lpszMenuName member of the WNDCLASS structure used to register the class.
By default, every window is assigned the class menu for its window class so you do not need to explicitly load the menu and assign it to each window. You can override the class menu by specifying a different menu handle in a call to the CreateWindowEx function. You can also change a window's menu after it is created by using the SetMenu function. For more information, see Window Classes.
Menu Items
The following topics discuss what the system does when the user chooses a menu item, and the ways an application can control an item's appearance and functionality:
Command Items and Items that Open Submenus
When the user chooses a command item, the system sends a command message to the window that owns the menu. If the command item is on the window menu, the system sends the WM_SYSCOMMAND message. Otherwise, it sends the WM_COMMAND message.
Associated with each menu item that opens a submenu is a handle to the corresponding submenu. When the user points to such an item, the system opens the submenu. No command message is sent to the owner window. However, the system sends a WM_INITMENUPOPUP message to the owner window before displaying the submenu. You can get a handle to the submenu associated with an item by using the GetSubMenu or GetMenuItemInfo function.
A menu bar typically contains menu names, but it can also contain command items. A submenu typically contains command items, but it can also contain items that open nested submenus. By adding such items to submenus, you can nest menus to any depth. To provide a visual cue for the user, the system automatically displays a small arrow to the right of the text of a menu item that opens a submenu.
Menu-Item Identifier
Associated with each menu item is a unique, application-defined integer, called a menu-item identifier. When the user chooses a command item from a menu, the system sends the item's identifier to the owner window as part of a WM_COMMAND message. The window procedure examines the identifier to determine the source of the message, and processes the message accordingly. In addition, you can specify a menu item using its identifier when you call menu functions; for example, to enable or disable a menu item.
Menu items that open submenus have identifiers just as command items do. However, the system does not send a command message when such an item is selected from a menu. Instead, the system opens the submenu associated with the menu item.
To retrieve the identifier of the menu item at a specified position, use the GetMenuItemID or GetMenuItemInfo function.
Menu-Item Position
In addition to having a unique identifier, each menu item in a menu bar or menu has a unique position value. The leftmost item in a menu bar, or the top item in a menu, has position zero. The position value is incremented for subsequent menu items. Vox 2 6 (2600 76) download free. The system assigns a position value to all items in a menu, including separators. The following illustration shows the position values of items in a menu bar and in a menu.
When calling a menu function that modifies or retrieves information about a specific menu item, you can specify the item using either its identifier or its position. For more information, see the next section.
Accessing Menu Items Programmatically
Most menu functions allow you to specify a menu item either by position or by command. Some functions use the MF_BYPOSITION and MF_BYCOMMAND flags to indicate the search algorithm; others have an explicit fByPosition parameter. If you specify the menu item by position, the item number is a zero-based index into the menu. If you specify the menu item by command, the menu and its submenus are searched for an item whose menu identifier equals the item number provided. If more than one item in the menu hierarchy matches the item number, it is unspecified which one is used. If your menus contain duplicate menu identifiers, you should use position-based menu operations to avoid this ambiguity.
Default Menu Items
A submenu can contain one default menu item. When the user opens a submenu by double-clicking, the system sends a command message to the menu's owner window and closes the menu as if the default command item had been chosen. If there is no default command item, the submenu remains open. To retrieve and set the default item for a submenu, use the GetMenuDefaultItem and SetMenuDefaultItem functions.
Selected and Clear Menu Items
A menu item can be either selected or clear. The system displays a bitmap next to selected menu items to indicate their selected state. The system does not display a bitmap next to clear items, unless an application-defined 'clear' bitmap is specified. Only menu items in a menu can be selected; items in a menu bar cannot be selected.
Applications typically check or clear a menu item to indicate whether an option is in effect. For example, suppose an application has a toolbar that the user can show or hide by using a Toolbar command on a menu. When the toolbar is hidden, the Toolbar menu item is clear. When the user chooses the command, the application checks the menu item and shows the toolbar.
A check mark attribute controls whether a menu item is selected. You can set a menu item's check mark attribute by using the CheckMenuItem function. You can use the GetMenuState function to determine whether a menu item is currently selected or cleared.
Instead of CheckMenuItem and GetMenuState, you can use the GetMenuItemInfo and SetMenuItemInfo functions to retrieve and set the check state of a menu item.
Sometimes, a group of menu items corresponds to a set of mutually exclusive options. In this case, you can indicate the selected option by using a selected radio menu item (analogous to a radio button control). Selected radio items are displayed with a bullet bitmap instead of a check mark bitmap. To check a menu item and make it a radio item, use the CheckMenuRadioItem function.
By default, the system displays a check mark or bullet bitmap next to selected menu items and no bitmap next to cleared menu items. However, you can use the SetMenuItemBitmaps function to associate application-defined selected and cleared bitmaps with a menu item. The system then uses the specified bitmaps to indicate the menu item's selected or cleared state.
Application-defined bitmaps associated with a menu item must be the same size as the default check mark bitmap, the dimensions of which may vary depending on screen resolution. To retrieve the correct dimensions, use the GetSystemMetrics function. You can create multiple bitmap resources for different screen resolutions; create one bitmap resource and scale it, if necessary; or create a bitmap at run time and draw an image in it. The bitmaps may be either monochrome or color. However, because menu items are inverted when highlighted, the appearance of certain inverted color bitmaps may be undesirable. For more information, see Bitmaps.
Enabled, Grayed, and Disabled Menu Items
A menu item can be enabled, grayed, or disabled. By default, a menu item is enabled. When the user chooses an enabled menu item, the system sends a command message to the owner window or displays the corresponding submenu, depending on what kind of menu item it is.
When menu items are not available to the user, they should be grayed or disabled. Grayed and disabled menu items cannot be chosen. A disabled item looks just like an enabled item. When the user clicks on a disabled item, the item is not selected, and nothing happens. Disabled items can be useful in, for example, a tutorial that presents a menu that looks active but isn't.
An application grays an unavailable menu item to provide a visual cue to the user that a command is not available. You can use a grayed item when an action is not appropriate (for example, you can gray the Print command in the File menu when the system does not have a printer installed).
The EnableMenuItem function enables, grays, or disables a menu item. To determine whether a menu item is enabled, grayed, or disabled, use the GetMenuItemInfo function.
Instead of GetMenuItemInfo, you can also use the GetMenuState function to determine whether a menu item is enabled, grayed, or disabled.
Highlighted Menu Items
The system automatically highlights menu items on menus as the user selects them. However, highlighting can be explicitly added or removed from a menu name on the menu bar by using the HiliteMenuItem function. This function has no effect on menu items on menus. When HiliteMenuItem is used to highlight a menu name, though, the name only appears to be selected. If the user presses the ENTER key, the highlighted item is not chosen. This feature might be useful in, for example, a training application that demonstrates the use of menus.
Owner-Drawn Menu Items
An application can completely control the appearance of a menu item by using an owner-drawn item. Owner-drawn items require an application to take total responsibility for drawing selected (highlighted), selected, and cleared states. For example, if an application provided a font menu, it could draw each menu item by using the corresponding font; the item for Roman would be drawn with roman, the item for Italic would be drawn in italic, and so on. For more information, see Creating Owner-Drawn Menu Items.
Menu Item Separators and Line Breaks
The system provides a special type of menu item, called a separator, that appears as a horizontal line. You can use a separator to divide a menu into groups of related items. A separator cannot be used in a menu bar, and the user cannot select a separator.
When a menu bar contains more menu names than will fit on one line, the system wraps the menu bar by automatically breaking it into two or more lines. You can cause a line break to occur at a specific item on a menu bar by assigning the MFT_MENUBREAK type flag to the item. The system places that item and all subsequent items on a new line.
When a menu contains more items than will fit in one column, the menu will be truncated. You can cause a column break to occur at a specific item in a menu by assigning the MFT_MENUBREAK type flag to the item or using the MENUBREAK option in the MENUITEM statement. The system places that item and all subsequent items in a new column. The MFT_MENUBARBREAK type flag has the same effect, except that a vertical line appears between the new column and the old.
If you use the AppendMenu, InsertMenu, or ModifyMenu functions to assign line breaks, you should assign the type flags MF_MENUBREAK or MF_MENUBARBREAK.
Messages Used with Menus
The system reports menu-related activity by sending messages to the window procedure of the window that owns the menu. The system sends a series of messages when the user selects items on the menu bar or clicks the right mouse button to display a shortcut menu.
When the user activates an item on the menu bar, the owner window first receives a WM_SYSCOMMAND message. This message includes a flag that indicates whether the user activated the menu by using the keyboard (SC_KEYMENU) or the mouse (SC_MOUSEMENU). For more information, see Keyboard Access to Menus.
Next, before displaying any menus, the system sends the WM_INITMENU message to the window procedure so that an application can modify the menus before the user sees them. The system sends the WM_INITMENU message only once per menu activation.
When the user points to a menu item that opens a submenu, the system sends the owner window the WM_INITMENUPOPUP message before displaying the submenu. This message gives the application an opportunity to modify the submenu before it is displayed.
Each time the user moves the highlighting from one item to another, the system sends a WM_MENUSELECT message to the window procedure of the menu's owner window. This message identifies the currently selected menu item. Many applications provide an information area at the bottom of their main windows and use this message to display additional information about the selected menu item.
When the user chooses a command item from a menu, the system sends a WM_COMMAND message to the window procedure. The low-order word of the WM_COMMAND message's wParam parameter contains the identifier of the chosen item. The window procedure should examine the identifier and process the message accordingly.
You can save information for a menu using the MENUINFO structure. If the menu is defined with a MENUINFO.dwStyle value of MNS_NOTIFYBYPOS, the system sends WM_MENUCOMMAND instead of the WM_COMMAND when an item is selected. This allows you to access the information in the MENUINFO structure and also provides the index of the selected item directly.
Not all menus are accessible through a window's menu bar. Many applications display shortcut menus when the user clicks the right mouse button at a specific location. Such applications should process the WM_CONTEXTMENU message and display a shortcut menu, if appropriate. If an application does not display a shortcut menu, it should pass the WM_CONTEXTMENU message to the DefWindowProc function for default processing.
The WM_MENURBUTTONUP message is sent when the user releases the right mouse button while the cursor is on a menu item. This message is provided so that applications can display a context-sensitive or shortcut menu for a menu item.
There are a few messages that only involve drag-and-drop menus. The WM_MENUGETOBJECT is sent to the owner of a drag-and-drop menu when the mouse cursor enters a menu item or moves from the center of an item to the top or the bottom of an item. The WM_MENUDRAG message is sent when the user actually drags a menu item.
When a drop-down menu or a submenu has been destroyed, the system sends a WM_UNINITMENUPOPUP message.
Menu Destruction
Add To New Context Menu
If a menu is assigned to a window and that window is destroyed, the system automatically destroys the menu and its submenus, freeing the menu's handle and the memory occupied by the menu. The system does not automatically destroy a menu that is not assigned to a window. An application must destroy the unassigned menu by calling the DestroyMenu function. Otherwise, the menu continues to exist in memory even after the application closes. To end the calling thread's active menu, use EndMenu. If a platform does not support EndMenu, send the owner of the active menu a WM_CANCELMODE message.
